CHARACTERISATION OF NATURAL HYDROXYAPATITE (HAP) DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT TYPES OF TILAPIA FISH BONES AND SCALES
Fara ANK* and Abdullah HZ
Abstract
CHARACTERISATION OF NATURAL HYDROXYAPATITE (HAP) DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT TYPES OF TILAPIA FISH BONES AND SCALES Fara ANK* and Abdullah HZFaculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
Hydroxyapatite (HAp), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, is recognised as a biomaterial that is widely used for bone implant due to its chemical and structural similarity to the mineral components in human bone and enamel. The elements of HAp are primarily composed of calcium and phosphorous with molar ratio of calcium to phosphorous is 1.67 capable to promote bone in-growth into prosthetic implant. HAp can be produced from synthesis process and from natural resources such as coral and fish. Enormous amounts of by-product waste produced from fish factories generated an undesirable environmental impact. Thus, this study was conducted to obtain natural biological HAp from fish scales and different types of bones of tilapia fish from fishery waste. Therefore, fish bones and scales are cheap source to produce biological HAp for medical applications. For this purpose, fish bones and scales of tilapia fish were boiled at 100°C to remove adhere meat and other impurities. Later, fish bones and scales were separated into several groups and subjected to different calcination temperatures (800° C and 900° C) for 3 hrs. All calcined samples were crushed to fine powder. The XRD result revealed the presence of derived HAp from the samples powder and were identical with standard HAp. Thermo Gravimetric Analysis was carried out to show thermal stability of the HAp powder from different types of fish bones and scales. SEM results shows porous structure appeared in calcined samples compared to raw samples. The findings is the promising alternative to produce calcium phosphate from fishery wastes that beneficial to medical applications.
