METAL SURFACE TREATMENTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON METAL-CERAMIC BOND STRENGTH: A REVIEW
Abstract
Despite the popularity of metal-ceramic restorations, bonding issues exist between metal and ceramic materials. Ceramic fractures in metal-ceramic restorations present significant aesthetic and functional challenges for both patients and dentists. Ceramic-fused-to-metal restorations are being developed to enhance the resistance to fracture of dental ceramic. A variety of metal alloys surface modifications, encompassing various physical, chemical, and biological techniques, have been implemented on a broad spectrum of precious and non-precious metal alloys, including Cobalt-Chromium (Co–Cr), Palladium-Silver (Pd-Ag), and Nickel-Chromium (Ni–Cr). These surface treatments strengthen the ceramic bond strength on metal alloys. In this review, we provide deep insights about various metal-ceramic alloys and the surface treatments utilized to enhance effectiveness in dental restorations. This study, for the first time, reviewed multiple studies evaluating the effectiveness of various surface metal treatments on their metal-ceramic bond strength. Pertaining to literature, it is evident that surface treatments like sandblasting, acid etching, and grinding improved the metal alloys’ bond strength. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results demonstrated a markedly roughened metal surface following treatment, which is crucial for interaction in between metal and ceramic in enhancing bond strength. Most of the research has focused on the surface treatment’s effectiveness on the metal-ceramic bond in nonprecious or base metal alloys, whereas investigations involving noble or precious metals are limited. Nonetheless, these results primarily originate from preclinical studies and necessitate subsequent validation within the complex oral environment
